These two programmes contribute to the advancing understanding on the atmospheric global circulation, world ocean circulation, and its links between ocean and atmosphere.
Clivar Program is a continuation of the above mentioned program. The aim of the program is to establish a sound scientific framework for the continuing study of ocean dynamics and coupled ocean-atmosphere dynamics as they related to climate.
The purpose of this paper is to present Indonesian research program and activities related to climate. The aim of the presentation is to seek the possibility to link our National Program into International Programs related to CLIVAR to develop comprehensive climate related research activities in Indonesia.
2. Climate Related Research Program
Within Indonesia, program related to global climate is conducted by different bodies within the existing governmental and research infrastructure, including technical bodies, and universities. Meteorology and Geophysic Agency (BMG) is responsible for operational weather service, while research on climate conducted by research institutes (BPP Teknologi, LAPAN, Min. of Environment, and LIPI), and universities. Indonesian scientists working on climate related issues have been participating in several international research and observational campaign on atmosphere. Beside contributing to the international effort, atmospheric and climate research in Indonesia will be focused on the improvement of the national climate prediction capability through a comprehensive research activities.
Atmosphere and Ocean are two dominant aspects to be observed in climate related research. Ocean-atmosphere observations within Indonesia has been in progress rapidly since 1990. However this hasn't been followed by a comprehensive climate research activities. In the near future research the available national resources related to climate will be converged and used for a more comprehensive climate assessment, in order to improve national climate prediction capabilities.
2.1 Atmospheric Research Activities
A numbers of both in-situ and remotely sensed techniques for observing physical parameters of the atmosphere to understand dynamical processes of the atmosphere have been established within the Indonesian region. An Atmospheric Radar Observatory have been established prior to the IOP of TOGA COARE program as a cooperation between BPP Teknologi, LAPAN, and RASC-Kyoto University. The observatory is located in the National Center for Research, Science and Technology, PUSPIPTEK, Serpong (60S, 1070E). Along with this establishment, LAPAN, in cooperation with NOAA, has also installed wind profiler radar in Biak Island (10S, 1360E). Recently, LAPAN, RASC-Kyoto University, and University of Adelaide has installed a middle-frequency (MF) radar in Pontianak (0.030N-109.30E) (Figure 1).
GAW Station as one of world-wide monitoring and research program for atmospheric composition has been established in Bukit Kototabang (West Sumatra) (0.30S, 100.50E). Ionospheric observation network has also been established in six locations (Medan, Pontianak, Pamengpeuk, Manado, Kupang and Biak) with their data processing system located in Bandung.
Along with these activities, Indonesian Scientists from different institutions and universities agreed to conduct joint research on atmospheric related issues using available resources allocated in each institution. Scientific Community on Atmospheric Research was
